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Food Science 2019
November 11-12, 2019
Food Science and Technology
November 11-12, 2019 | London, UK
3
rd
International Conference on
Volume 3
Applied Food Science Journal
Appl Food Sci J. | Volume 3
Linking diet, Gut immunity and Microbiota in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes
Ilaria Cosorich
University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy
R
ecent data indicate that gut immunity and the mechanisms that regulate effector and regulatory T cell
differentiation in the intestine are instrumental to maintain immune tolerance towards self-tissues and to
prevent extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases. This observation led to the hypothesis that environmental factors
as diet and microbiota modifications, affect the pathogenesis of autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). To this aim,
we analyzed gut mucosal immunity in tissue samples isolated from the small intestine of T1D patients and healthy
controls (HC). A phenotypical analysis of gut mucosal immune cell subsets has been performed. We observed a
statistically significant increase of Th22cells and CD1c+CX3CR1+ dendritic cells (DCs) in the gut of T1D patients
compared to HC. In order to find if there is a correlative link between diet component and immune cells subsets,
we are collecting a 3-days-food record questionnaire from T1D patients. At this stage we still have not found
correlations between the percentage of different Th subsets and content of fiber and polyunsaturated/saturated fat
from the diet. Gut microbiota of brushing material from duodenum was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. We also
investigated if different type of diet can influence autoimmunity in preclinical models of T1D. In particular if a high
fat diet can activate the diabetogenic T cells in BDC2.5 mice, and whether if an anti-inflammatory diet enriched in
fiber and omega3 can reduce gut inflammation and protect NOD mice from T1D. We further aim at elucidating the
link of gut immunity alterations and environmental factors that might have a strong impact on T1D.
Biography
Ilaria Cosorich has completed master’s degree in Garvan institute of Medical Research and from then she started working as a
Research assistant at Diabetes Research Institute and further she graduated her doctorate from University Vita-Salute San Raffaele
University. Her project is focused on intestinal immunology and nutrition in type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Currently she is
pursuing Post-doctorate at San Raffaele Hospital.
cosorich.ilaria@hsr.it