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Biomedical Engineering: Current Research

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A Top Motions

Author(s): Ryspek Usubamatov and Albina Omorova

Throughout the centuries, researchers derived dozens of gyroscope theories that did not describe the action of the undiscovered inertial torques. Only one torque the change in the angular momentum was represented by L. Euler. The physics of gyroscopic effects turned out to be many times harder than could imagine. Any rotating objects exposed by the action of the eight interacted torques operating by the centrifugal, common inertial, Coriolis forces, and the change in the angular momentum, which entailed by the ratio of the angular velocities of the rotating objects around their axes of motions.The new fundamental principles of gyroscope theory enable for formulating motions of any rotating objects. The top motions researchers could not describe exactly for the long-time. The acting forces on the tilted top spinning in a counter-clockwise direction are its weight, frictional force of the leg’s tip at the point of contact the leg with the horizontal surface, and the system of inertial forces mentioned above. The action of external and inertial torques leads to the decrease of the angular velocity of the top’s spin. Hence, the values of inertial torques are decreasing gradually, while the precession velocities correspondingly increase. When the angular velocity of the top becomes smaller, the inertial torques become weaker. In this case, the tip of the top’s leg describes a visible spiral curve with a decrease of its radius of curvature. This situation leads to the vertical approach of the top axis that manifests its stabilization. A tilted, well-balanced spinning top with a high angular velocity proves its capacity for self-stabilization. The axis of the tilted spinning top goes to the vertical position by the action of the inertial torques generated by the rotating mass elements, which values are bigger than torques generated by the top’s weight and inertial torque generated by the centre mass. The necessary condition for a top’s self-stabilization is formulated by separating variables of the torques produced by the centrifugal forces and the center mass of the top, and by the inertial torques generated by the rotating mass elements of the top.


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