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Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Reports

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An evolution in biomaterial: Antibacterial Bioglass; Applications and challenges

Author(s): Fatemeh Yousef Saber

The invention of bioactive glasses is considered an inspiring revolution in the field of Biomaterial science. While the first generation of Bioglasses could only contact body fluids with maximum biological inertness, the new generation has been specifically programmed to target cell pathways and trigger genetic regulation mechanisms. Peripheral nerve repair, wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery are just a few examples of their wide biomedical applications. Although Bioglasses have shown significant biological properties, including strong bonding to the bone, controlled degradation rate, increasing angiogenesis and osteogenesis, their biocompatibility and bioactivity in the human body are still by far the most challenging characteristics. During the past few decades, these biomaterials' antibacterial and antibiofilm effects have been enhanced by applying different approaches like doping with biocidal metals or loading with antibiotics. Considering the huge emerge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and cytotoxicity of metal elements, other options including multilayer surface coating have drawn enormous attention to themselves. The grand challenges for the future use of bioglasses in medical devices can be simply divided into five groups: stable coating, suitable mechanical properties, soft and interfacial tissue engineering, controlled release of biomolecules/ therapeutic agents, and last but not least reliable in vitro and in vivo testing methodologies. Each of these difficulties could be perfectly overcome by applying novel biological methods like using natural polymers and bioactive molecules produced by the vast majority of microorganisms in multilayer coating of bioactive glasses
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