Basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis

The most common type of skin cancer is non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Although skin malignancies can emerge from any host cell of the skin, Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) are the most frequent NMSC, accounting for 70% and 25% of all NMSC, respectively. NMSC has a wide range of behavior, development, and metastatic potential; nonetheless, both BCC and SCC have a favorable prognosis, especially when identified early on. BCC has a negligible impact on the NMSC mortality rate (MR). Indeed, 1 case of metastatic BCC occurs every 14,000,000 people, and 2 patients every 14,000,000 die from locally advanced BCC. As a result, an MR of 0.02 per 10,000 is reasonable. BCC is the least aggressive of the NMSCs, with cells that resemble epidermal basal cells. Despite the ability of local invasion, tissue destruction, recurrence, and limited potential for metastasis, BCC has a low degree of malignancy. Gender, age, immunosuppression, hereditary illnesses (e.g., Gorlin–Goltz syndrome), and Fitzpatrick skin types I and II are all risk factors for BCC. However, ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the most essential factor in BCC pathogenesis, despite the fact that the link between UV radiation and BCC growth is still debated.