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This paper focuses on the simulation of a tunable metamaterial absorber designed for the infrared region. Adsorbents offer two different mechanisms to adjust their absorption characteristics. By exploiting the thermochromic properties of Vanadium Dioxide (VO2), the conductivity of the material can be dynamically adjusted over a wide range. Through temperature control, the conductivity of VO2 changes from insulating 200 S/m to conducting phases 2 × 105 S/m, resulting in a continuous adjustment of the absorption peak intensity. The second method relies on applying an electric field in the transverse direction of the lead zirconate titanate PZT material, then the size of the piezoelectric material undergoes changes and bending. Consequently, the entire structure bends, leading to a change in the shape of the absorber. This mechanism allows for precise control of the absorber's shape by applying different voltages, which in turn enables the modification of the absorption peak. This change in distance leads to tunability in the absorption spectrum. In continue, the combination of two mechanisms i.e., temperature and electric field tunability is considered. By simultaneously varying the temperature and applied electric field, the absorption spectrum can be tuned using both factors simultaneously. Through simulation, the tunable metamaterial absorber demonstrates its ability to adjust the absorption properties in different regions of interest, particularly in the infrared region. The proposed scheme offers flexibility and controllability, making it suitable for applications that require tunable absorption in this spectral range.
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