Abstract

Genes in oral and dental diseases

The range of disorders caused by genetic changes in the oral cavity includes anything from tooth development problems to pre-cancerous and malignant tumors. In recent years, tremendous progress has been achieved in the field of tumor molecular analysis. This article examines genetic abnormalities spanning from the formation of orofacial structures to malignancies in the head and neck area, with molecular genetic testing emerging as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategy. Genes' functional regulatory aspects in relation to oro-facial structures are explored individually, i.e., tooth genesis, tooth agenesis (non-syndromic, syndromic), tooth structural modifications, syndromic oro-facial deformities, bone illnesses, skin diseases (genodermatoses), and malignant tumors. Various genes involved in the formation of orofacial structures, particularly teeth, are described in this literature.