Industry's roadmap for harnessing biotechnology for a more circular economy

Methods and uses of biotechnology have the potential to hasten the transition to a more circular economy. This article discusses five separate times throughout a typical product lifetime where biotechnology can have an influence, beginning with the capacity to produce many commonly used 
chemicals and materials using renewable feedstock to minimize greenhouse gas emissions at the so-called “beginning-of-life.” This includes a discussion of innovative materials, a holistic approach to engineering for enhanced lifetime outcomes, compostability, and the possibility for reuse and up-cycling at the end of life, all of which contribute to a circular flow of materials. We suggest concrete actions that chemical and materials makers, designers, and brands may take.