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Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a disease of major economic importance in Africa and Asia, posing a major constraint to goat production. It has been reported from almost all regions of Ethiopia and it is more prevalent in the arid and semi-arid lowland areas of Rift Valley, Borana rangelands, South Omo, Afar and other pastoral areas. The disease is caused by members of the Mycoplasma genus, usually Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capricolum but occasionally also Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri or Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. It is known to be devastating disease of goats, which is characterized by 100% morbidity and 60 to 100% mortality. The main clinical signs are fever, coughing, dyspnea and death. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is a contagious disease and it is transmitted during close contact by the inhalation of respiratory droplets. The occurrence of CCPP is underpinned by risk factors related to environment; production system and immune status of the host population and the exact mechanism of pathogenesis are still unclear. Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae causes lesions specifically in thoracic cavity and fibrinous pleuropneumonia is the typical gross pathological lesion observed at necropsy. The pulmonary pleurae become thickened, sometimes covered by deposit of fibrin and pleural adhesion to the thorax observed. Diagnosis is one of the most important and challenging aspects of the disease as it influences prophylactic and therapeutic regimens and the control strategies for the prevention of global spread. Confirmatory diagnosis is mainly based on isolation and identification of the causative agent. Administration of long-acting oxytetracycline stopped morbidity and mortality, and controlled further CCPP spread, vaccination is the most cost effective technique in the control of CCPP than any other control measures. As a general, the contagiousness nature of the disease should be taken into consideration to prevent and control focusing on sanitary prophylaxis, medical prophylaxis, treatment and vaccination. Professionals at any country should contribute their best for the proper diagnosis of the disease to reduce the threat to other countries.
