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Human anatomy is the scientific study of the structure and organization of the human body. It serves as a foundational discipline in the fields of medicine, biology, and health sciences, providing critical insights into how the body functions in health and disease. This article reviews the major anatomical systems, historical development of anatomical knowledge, methodologies for anatomical study, and recent advances including imaging and molecular anatomy. A comprehensive understanding of human anatomy is essential for clinical practice, medical education, and biomedical research.