The bulbocavernosus muscles as a vaginal sphincter: anatomical and clinical considerations

The vaginal sphincter consists mainly of two bulbocavernosus muscles (BCMs). Despite its great importance, there is very little knowledge about these muscles even among health care providers. BCMs are perineal muscles located one on each side of the vaginal opening. Contraction of these muscles narrows the opening to form the vaginal sphincter. Moreover, contraction of BCMs compresses the greater vestibular glands resulting in lubrication of the vagina and thus facilitating sexual intercourse. The similar muscles in males do not separate on either side but come closer together on the lower surface of the bulb of the penis, the contraction of which helps empty the last drops of urine when urinating or semen when ejaculating. BCMs are called love muscles as they have an important role in female sexual act. Narrowing of the vaginal opening caused by sexual stimulation during intercourse and the consequent pressure on the base of the erect penis can help maintain an erection and avoid premature ejaculation. This can be achieved by enhancing the sphincter role of the BCMs. This can be achieved by several methods. Surgical approximation of the posterior segments of BCMs can be proposed to treat vaginal laxity to improve sexual sensation and pleasure. This can also put pressure on the root of the penis at intercourse so that it can delay its venous return and keep the penis erect after insertion into the vagina.