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COVID-19 pandemic is an infective condition engendered by a novel subtype of coronavirus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrating progression into severe acute respiratory syndrome along with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 is induced by a positive sense, single stranded RNA virus demonstrating genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) concurs with disease phase and is designated as exudative phase with hyaline membrane or alveolar proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrotic phase with dense collagenous fibrosis. Fatal COVID-19 exhibits immune mediated organ injury and mortality independent of viral implication along with tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction, non-concurrent with tissue and cellular distribution of SARS-CoV-2. SARSCoV-2 can be optimally discerned with a nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, sputum or Broncho-alveolar lavage subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
